Optimal placement of fuses and switches in active distribution networks using value-based MINLP

Contingency conditions in distribution networks create financial losses for different parts of the system including electricity customers, retailers, distributed generation (DG) units, etc. Therefore, protective device allocation methods have been introduced recent years to enhance reliability power system. In this study, a new formulation is proposed find optimal places sectionalizing switches and fuses while taking loss both customers DG units into account. The current method has flexibility consider effect on any location network its islanded operation case contingencies. Moreover, uncertainty load renewable taken account using stochastic programming. results demonstrate that their can change switch fuse placement dramatically when there are no tie network. Furthermore, it found decrease total costs by 3.86% high penetration modified Roy Billinton test (RBTS). problem modeled as mixed-integer nonlinear (MINLP) handled BARON solver GAMS environment.